Bio 145

Lecture  #1

Early Thinking.

Two fundamental issues: (1) has evolution taken place, and if so, what is the evidence?

(2) If so, what is the mechanism by which evolution takes place?

Ferdinand Magellan.

            Circumnavigation of the World (1519-1522).

            http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0831125.html

John Ray. Catalogue of Cambridge Plants (1660)

                  Ornithology (1678)

            http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/John%20Ray

Neils Stensen (“Steno”).

            The Maltese Tongue Stones and the Great White Shark. (1666)

            http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/steno.html

Athanasius Kircher.

            Size of the Ark (1675)

            http://www.faculty.fairfield.edu/jmac/sj/scientists/kircher.htm

Anthony van Leeuwenhoek.

            Discovery of microorganisms (1683).

            http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/leeuwenhoek.html

Edward Tyson,

            The chimpanzee dissection. (1699)

Carl von Linne.

            Systema Naturae (1^st ed. 1735; 10^th ed 1758).

            http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/linnaeus.html

Count Buffon.

            Historie Naturelle (1749)

            http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/buffon2.html

Georges Cuvier

            Elephants, mammoths, and the end of the “fixity of species”

            http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/cuvier.html

Discourse on the Revolutionary Upheavals on the Surface of the Earth http://www.mala.bc.ca/~johnstoi/cuvier.htm

Thomas Jefferson

            The Giant Ground Sloth, and the Great Chain of being.

            http://www.ansp.org/museum/jefferson/megalonyx/history-01.php

            http://www.kheper.net/topics/greatchainofbeing/

Erasmus Darwin.

            Zoonomia and the concept of variation.

            http://darwin.baruch.cuny.edu/biography/erasmus_darwin/zoonomia.html