The genus Oryzomys is a widespread, extant genus in middle and northern South America where they are known as 'rice rats". A single extinct species, O. antillarum is known only from Jamaica where it was last collected alive in 1877 but is common in late Holocene cave deposits. O antillarum is prsent in the latest Pleistocene of Jamaica, but is not known from earlier deposits implying a last-glacial maximum arrival, presumably across the exposed carbonate Banks between Jamaica and Central America.

    Oryzomyines are also known from most of the islands of the Lesser Antilles, but have not yet been formally reviewed or named.