The single species, X. mcgregori, is known only from Jamaica. Xenothrix was a relatively small animal with a body weight estimated at 3 - 6 kg. Peculiarities of the limbs bones suggest it may have been a slow climber. Two published radiocarbon dates of 2145 +/- 220 and 1870 +/- 50 demonstrate the species survived into the late Holocene; unpublished observations of close associations with bones of introduced rats suggest an even later persistence.